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XI
THE QURAN
upon their purification. If, however, a woman continues to suffer
from those impurities, and finds herself unable to stay longer at
Makkah, she is required to perform the
ifada
circling of the Ka'ba
which is normally performed on the
nahr
day or day of sacrifice.
Some Muslim jurists, however, are of the opinion that the menses
and childbirth should not withhold a woman who has to leave
Makkah from the
ifada
circling, but on condition that she does
the expiation of offering a ransom.
The pilgrimage rites are as follows:
1. Upon arrival at the proper post
(miqat)
near Makkah or just
before that, the pilgrim undertakes to do three things: washes
himself
(ghusl)
then takes on the special dress and enters the
state of
ihram
and finally expresses the intention (or
niyya
).
The pilgrim expresses the
niyya
to perform the pilgrimage alone
or perform the pilgrimage proper and the lesser pilgrimage (or
visitation-
'Umra
) with the same rites. According to some legal
schools, however, the rites are to be performed twice for doing
both. The intention (or
niyya
) can be expressed also to do the
minor pilgrimage (Visitation-Or '
Umra
) alone and then later the
pilgrimage is performed anew, and with complete rites.
Upon taking on the special dress and entering the state of
ihram
the pilgrim is required to recite the
talbiya
formula which reads:
'I stand up for your service O God! I stand up! I stand up! There
is no partner with you! I stand up! Verily yours is the Praise, the
Blessing and the Sovereignty. There is no partner with you.'
The
talbiya
continues until the throwing of the stones and is
accompanied by prayers for forgiveness and giving thanks. No